Englische Grammatik: Participles as Adjectives?

Ich habe eine Frage zu Partizipien als Adjektive im Englischen.

Das Present Participle wird mit verb+ing gebildet ("Many things were surprising for the immigrants when they arrived in America") und das past participle wird mit verb+ed/-en o. der irregulären 3. Form gebildet ("I think I am a little confused now").

Ich habe nun eine Übung gemacht und verstehe die Lösung nicht ganz. Die folgenden Sätze beinhalten laut Lösung entweder das Present Participle als Adjektiv oder das Past Participle als Adjektiv:

  • We were so relieved, when we finally arrived in New York after an exhausting journey.
  • I had just one small, broken suitcase.
  • We went past a group of scared children who were crying and calling for their parents.

Ein weitere Satz der Übung lautet:

  • After we had gotten off, we had to stand in line with our belongings.

Laut der Musterlösung enthält dieser Satz kein Past Participle als Adjektiv, aber ist es nicht eine ähnliche Grammatikkonstruktion wie "We were so relieved"? Also Hilfsverb + Past Participle? Mir ist nicht ganz klar, weshalb das "relieved" in "We were so relieved" ein Partizip als Adjektiv ist und "gotten" in "After we had gotten off..." kein Adjektiv. Vor allem, weil auch das Present Participle im dritten Satz "... who were crying.." auch mit einem Hilfsverb gebildet wird, oder nicht?

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Englisch?

Könnte jemand über meinen Text über Australien drüber schauen? Vor allem bezüglich der Grammatik? Danke!

Australia is a continent which consists of six states and two self-governing territories. This federation is also called the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia is also called the land down under because it is below the equator. Apart from that, Australia has an area of 7,471,000 square kilometers and a population of 26 million people! The capital is Canberra since they could not decide between Sydney or Melbourne to be the capital. About 50,000 years ago, the islands in the north of Australia were much nearer to the islands of New Guinea in South-East-Asia so that indigenous people could travel from island to island. But after the ice age the islands were further away, so they were left on the continent. These indigenous people are called the Aborigines. There are still 500,000 alive. In 1770, James Cook found Australia and didn‘t know what to with this continent. Therefore, it took the Australian government 18 years to decide what they wanted to do with it. As they had overcrowded prisons in Great Britain, they wanted to use Australia as a penal colony. That‘s why Arthur Phillip was the first person who took people to Australia on his ship called the Endeavor. Sadly, 10 per cent of the people died during his first voyage because of a lack of agricultural knowledge. It was a hard time for the Aborigines because the people brought diseases and alcohol with them so that a lot of them died and there were also fightings against them. Some of them even had to leave their land and live on reservations. However, the people who were taken to Australia experienced bad things because during the voyages, they were treated extremely badly. In 1891, things became really different because gold was found in New South Wales which was the reason for the increase of the population. They had the hope that they would become rich but many of them didn‘t even have enough money to get back home. Furthermore, a lot of people came to Australia after the Second World War because they wanted to start a new life. The children who belonged to the Aborigines were taken away because they should be good Australian people by teaching them maths, writing, and reading. Kevin Rudd apologized for this mistake in 2008. The Aborigines have had all rights since 1965 after the people had voted for the Aborigines‘ rights. That’s how Australia has become the country which we have known.

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