Ich habe dazu eine hilfreiche Antwort auf Reddit gefunden, die erklärt wie des mit Xbox, PS4 und Switch Controller geht:

Yes. I've done this with my Switch Pro controller.

Here's how I did it:

Open Steam, choose Games from the top bar and then Add a Non-Steam game to my Library...

Then, in your Library, find Minecraft, and (with your controller connected) right click it and choose Edit Steam Controller Configuration.

Set all of your buttons to their keyboard equivalents.

Now Launch Minecraft via steam. It'll take you to the normal minecraft launcher, but dont worry.

The controller still works no problem once you start the actual game.

You may want to lower your mouse sensitivity in game once you start, because the joysticks really make you look around fast.

Hier noch der Link zu dem originalen Reddit Post mit der Antwort:

https://www.reddit.com/r/Minecraft/comments/9m2o7q/is_there_a_way_to_play_minecraft_java_with_an/

Ich hoffe dies konnte dir weiterhelfen, wenn du es nicht mittlerweile schon anders hinbekommen hast :)